# Modes
Mode is an important concept in Vue CLI projects. By default, there are three modes:
development
is used byvue-cli-service serve
test
is used byvue-cli-service test:unit
production
is used byvue-cli-service build
andvue-cli-service test:e2e
A utility tool to create.env files ¶ dump-env takes an.env.template file and some optional environmental variables to create a new.env file from these two sources. No external dependencies are used. A utility tool to create.env files¶. Dump-env takes an.env.template file and some optional environmental variables to create a new.env file from these two sources. No external dependencies are used. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators. You can't make.env files anymore, you'll have to use this new GUI by clicking the lock icon in the sidebar (near where the files are kept). Then you just enter the name of a key and its value. And in the repl, you do import os, and mysecret = os.environ 'name of your key here'. Good luck!:) Yes, they have deprecated the.env 'file'.
You can overwrite the default mode used for a command by passing the --mode
option flag. For example, if you want to use development variables in the build command:
When running vue-cli-service
, environment variables are loaded from all corresponding files. If they don't contain a NODE_ENV
variable, it will be set accordingly. For example, NODE_ENV
will be set to 'production'
in production mode, 'test'
in test mode, and defaults to 'development'
otherwise.
Then NODE_ENV
will determine the primary mode your app is running in - development, production or test - and consequently, what kind of webpack config will be created.
With NODE_ENV
set to 'test' for example, Vue CLI creates a webpack config that is intended to be used and optimized for unit tests. It doesn't process images and other assets that are unnecessary for unit tests.
Similarly, NODE_ENV=development
creates a webpack configuration which enables HMR, doesn't hash assets or create vendor bundles in order to allow for fast re-builds when running a dev server.
When you are running vue-cli-service build
, your NODE_ENV
should always be set to 'production' to obtain an app ready for deployment, regardless of the environment you're deploying to.
NODE_ENV
If you have a default NODE_ENV
in your environment, you should either remove it or explicitly set NODE_ENV
when running vue-cli-service
commands.
# Environment Variables
You can specify env variables by placing the following files in your project root:
An env file simply contains key=value pairs of environment variables:
WARNING
Do not store any secrets (such as private API keys) in your app!
Environment variables are embedded into the build, meaning anyone can view them by inspecting your app's files.
Note that only NODE_ENV
, BASE_URL
, and variables that start with VUE_APP_
will be statically embedded into the client bundle with webpack.DefinePlugin
. It is to avoid accidentally exposing a private key on the machine that could have the same name.
For more detailed env parsing rules, please refer to the documentation of dotenv
. We also use dotenv-expand for variable expansion (available in Vue CLI 3.5+). For example:
Loaded variables will become available to all vue-cli-service
commands, plugins and dependencies.
Env Loading Priorities
An env file for a specific mode (e.g. .env.production
) will take higher priority than a generic one (e.g. .env
).
In addition, environment variables that already exist when Vue CLI is executed have the highest priority and will not be overwritten by .env
files.
.env
files are loaded at the start of vue-cli-service
. Restart the service after making changes.
# Example: Staging Mode
Assuming we have an app with the following .env
file:
And the following .env.staging
file:
vue-cli-service build
builds a production app, loading.env
,.env.production
and.env.production.local
if they are present;vue-cli-service build --mode staging
builds a production app in staging mode, using.env
,.env.staging
and.env.staging.local
if they are present.
In both cases, the app is built as a production app because of the NODE_ENV
, but in the staging version, process.env.VUE_APP_TITLE
is overwritten with a different value.
# Using Env Variables in Client-side Code
You can access env variables in your application code:
During build, process.env.VUE_APP_NOT_SECRET_CODE
will be replaced by the corresponding value. In the case of VUE_APP_NOT_SECRET_CODE=some_value
, it will be replaced by 'some_value'
.
In addition to VUE_APP_*
variables, there are also two special variables that will always be available in your app code:
NODE_ENV
- this will be one of'development'
,'production'
or'test'
depending on the mode the app is running in.BASE_URL
- this corresponds to thepublicPath
option invue.config.js
and is the base path your app is deployed at.
All resolved env variables will be available inside public/index.html
as discussed in HTML - Interpolation.
TIP
You can have computed env vars in your vue.config.js
file. They still need to be prefixed with VUE_APP_
. This is useful for version info
# Local Only Variables
Sometimes you might have env variables that should not be committed into the codebase, especially if your project is hosted in a public repository. In that case you should use an .env.local
file instead. Local env files are ignored in .gitignore
by default.
.local
can also be appended to mode-specific env files, for example .env.development.local
will be loaded during development, and is ignored by git.
Create .env File Python
dump-env
takes an .env.template
file and some optional environmental variables to create a new .env
file from these two sources. No external dependencies are used.
Why?¶
Why do we need such a tool? Well, this tool is very helpful when your CI is building docker
(or other) images.Previously we had some complex logic of encrypting and decrypting files, importing secret keys and so on.Now we can just create secret variables for our CI, add some prefix to it, and use dump-env
to make our life easier.
Installation¶
Quickstart¶
This quick demo will demonstrate the main and the only purpose of dump-env
:
This command will:
take
.env.template
parse its keys and values
read all the variables from the environment starting with
SECRET_ENV_
remove this prefix
mix it all together, environment vars may override ones from the template
sort keys in alphabetic order
dump all the keys and values into the
.env
file
Advanced Usage¶
Multiple prefixes¶
This command will do pretty much the same thing as with one prefix. But, it will replace multiple prefixes.Further prefixes always replace previous ones if they are the same.For example:
Strict env variables¶
In case you want to be sure that YOUR_VAR
existsin your environment when dumping, you can use --strict
flag:
Oups! We forgot to create it! Now this will work:
Any number of --strict
flags can be provided.No more forgotten template overrides or missing env vars!
Source templates¶
You can use an env template as a source template by using the -s
or --source
argument. This will restrict any non-prefixed variables found in the environment to only those already defined in your template.
You can still also use prefixes to add extra variables from the environment
Strict Source¶
Using the --strict-source
flag has the same effect as defining a --strict
flag for every variable defined in the source template.
Creating secret variables in some CIs¶
Real-world usages¶
Projects that use this tool in production:
Related¶
You might also be interested in:
License¶
API Reference¶
dump
(template:str=', prefixes:Optional[List[str]]=None, strict_keys:Optional[Set[str]]=None, source:str=', strict_source:bool=False) → Dict[str, str][source]¶How To Create An Env File In Aci
This function is used to dump .env
files.
Create .env File Linux
As a source you can use both:1. env.template file ('
by default)2. env vars prefixed with some prefix ('
by default)
template – The path of the
.env
template file,use an empty string when there is no template file.prefixes – List of string prefixes to use only certain envvariables, could be an empty string to use all available variables.
strict_keys – List of keys that must be presented in env vars.
source – The path of the
.env
template file,defines the base list of env vars that should be checked,disables the fetching of non-prefixed env vars,use an empty string when there is no source file.strict_source – Whether all keys in source template must also bepresented in env vars.
Ordered key-value pairs of dumped env and template variables.
StrictEnvException – when some variable from template is missing.
main
() → NoReturn[source]¶Runs dump-env script.
Example
This example will dump all environ variables:
This example will dump all environ variables starting with PIP_
:
This example will dump all environ variables starting with PIP_
and update them with variables starting with SECRET_
:
This example will dump everything from .env.template
fileand all env variables with SECRET_
prefix into a .env
file:
This example will fail if REQUIRED
does not exist in environ:
This example will dump everything from a source .env.template
filewith only env variables that are defined in the file:
This example will fail if any keys in the source template do not existin the environment: